Thousands of Washington state seniors benefit from the Community Options Program Entry System. COPES, for short, is a Washington State Medicaid (Apple Health) waiver program designed to enable individuals who require nursing home level care to receive that care in their home or alternative care environment, such as an assisted living residence.
This Home and Community Based Services program provides not only care, but also other supports to enable a successful transition to independent living or assisted living. These supports include coverage for home modifications to increase the resident's safety and access, durable medical equipment to increase one’s independence, and transportation assistance to get to medical appointments and for other errands.
For persons with limited financial resources, Medicaid pays for nursing home care. For those who wish to live at home or in assisted living, sometimes Medicaid will pay for care in those locations if it can be obtained at a lower cost than in a nursing home. It does this through Medicaid Waivers, which are also called Home and Community Based Services (HCBS) Waivers or Waiver Funded Services.
Applicants must be at least 65 years of age or be disabled and between the ages of 18 and 64. Seniors must require assistance with two or more Activities of Daily Living, such as bathing and getting dressed, and need a nursing home level of care.
Individuals also must be financially qualified for Medicaid. This is a complicated process involving a review of a couple’s or individual’s income, bank accounts, investments, and properties.
Income LimitsAdditionally, there is a countable asset limit. In 2023, the individual limit is $2,000, and $3,000 when both spouses are applying.
Asset limits are flexible in that many assets are not counted or are considered exempt. Some assets that are not counted include: the value of one’s home (provided the applicant or their spouse lives in the home and the equity value is not greater than $1,033,000), a primary vehicle, and certain funeral related expenses or trusts.
In the situation where one spouse of a married couple is applying for Medicaid and the other is not, the maximum amount of resources that the non-applicant spouse can have is $59,890, plus the applicant spouse can retain $2,000. Lawmakers developed the Community Spouse Resource Allowance — as this limit is known — to allow the healthier spouse to continue to afford to live independently.
Washington state residents who are in need of assistance from Medicaid but cannot meet the above income and asset limits should consider working with an Apple Health qualification expert. These professionals assist persons in understanding their options and help them to restructure their finances to meet the eligibility limits. Read more about this option here.
Persons over the asset limit need to exercise caution when trying to meet the asset limit. Giving cash and other valuables to relatives or selling countable assets under market value can result in a period of Medicaid disqualification. This is because Medicaid has a look back period in Washington in which all past asset transfers for 5 years immediately preceding one’s application are considered.
Individuals approved for the COPES Waiver can receive any of the following services. Case-by-case approval may be required.
*These services were only available until July 1, 2015 via COPES. They are now available through Washington's Community First Choice (CFC) Program. As mentioned previously, it is common for applicants to receive services via both COPES and CFC.
This program is administered by the Health Care Authority and the Washington State Department of Social and Health Services, and is available statewide across Washington.
However, it is worth noting that the COPES Waiver is not a Medicaid entitlement program. There are a defined number of spots available, approximately 47,000, and waiting lists may exist for services. Persons on a waiting list are prioritized by date of application as well as the severity of their needs.